East Africa’s Skeletons: Ancient City’s Tales

| Mysterious
October 17, 2024

“Archaeologists from the University of Exeter and the Ethiopian Authority for Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation have unearthed a significant archaeological site in the Harlaa area of eastern Ethiopia, known as the ancient ‘City of Giants’ established in the 10th century BC.

Skeletons unearthed in ancient city reveal East Africa’s historical secrets

Throughout human history, folklore and legends have been handed down depicting great cities built and inhabited by giants. A large number of megalithic constructions from various periods of history, as well as the traditions of many communities separated by seas, strongly support their presence.

Skeletons unearthed in ancient city reveal East Africa’s historical secrets

Well, that theory happened in this region of Ethiopia. Contemporary researchers speak of gigantic constructions built from giant blocks surrounding the site of Harlaa, leading to widespread speculation that it was formerly home to a famous City of Giants.

The legendary lost city of Harlaa

Skeletons unearthed in ancient city reveal East Africa’s historical secrets.

Anthropologists have discovered sites in remote places such as Egypt, India and China, corroborating the region’s capabilities. Experts have also discovered a 12th-century mosque identical to those in Tanzania, as well as an autonomous zone in the Kingdom of Somalia, which is a district not recognised by the UN. All of these illustrate a probable link between Islamic groups in Africa during that period.

In terms of archaeology, a professor at the University of Exeter admits that the finds had a significant impact on the popular understanding of economic operations in long-abandoned areas of Ethiopia. The fact that it was a well-known trading centre increases its importance.

Is this a city of giants?

The Harlaa people were surprised that the colossal man could only move stones but not create the structures of his reign. However, after examining more than 300 skeletal remains in nearby cemeteries, including adults and adolescents, experts came to the conclusion that these individuals were not giants at all, based on their average height and stature.

The locals, on the other hand, refuse to accept the archaeologists’ argument, saying they are not convinced. To be honest, this is not the first time that archaeology has dismissed a centuries-old tradition as nothing more than folklore. We don’t know how the indigenous people are convinced of the giants hypothesis because they don’t seem interested in making up stories.

Although there is no evidence that giants were present in the tombs, this does not rule out the idea that giants were involved in the construction of the structure of the site. Many people think that these creatures were not buried together with them in the distant past, even with the help of current science.

In Mesopotamian mythology, the Qumran texts were a type of colossal entity associated with the construction of the mythical metropolis of Teotihuacan, which was erected by the sun gods. Great cities, monuments, and gigantic structures (all variants of this theme) can be found in every corner of the world, perplexing scientists trying to figure out how or why people built them in the distant past, even with the help of current science.”

Review: Top 10 Healthcare Services in the USA

The U.S. healthcare industry is a complex ecosystem of providers, insurers, and technology-driven services, delivering critical care to millions. In 2025, the sector is shaped by rising costs (projected at $4.9 trillion in 2023), technological innovation, and a focus on patient-centric care. Below is a detailed review of the top 10 healthcare services in the USA, based on market presence, patient outcomes, and industry impact.

1. HCA Healthcare

HCA Healthcare, based in Nashville, Tennessee, is the largest health system, operating 220 hospitals and over 40,000 staffed beds across 20 states. Known for comprehensive services, including emergency care, surgery, and specialty treatments, it generates significant net patient revenue. Its scale and advanced technology adoption ensure high-quality care, though accessibility varies by region.

2. Universal Health Services (UHS)

UHS manages 183 hospitals across 40 states, with over 21,000 beds, focusing on acute care and behavioral health. Its facilities in Texas, Florida, and California provide diverse services, from trauma care to psychiatric treatment. UHS’s emphasis on mental health integration aligns with 2025 trends, though high costs can be a barrier.

3. Encompass Health Corporation

With 164 hospitals, Encompass is the largest operator of rehabilitation hospitals, offering specialized post-acute care for stroke, brain injury, and spinal cord injury patients. Based in Birmingham, Alabama, it operates in 37 states, delivering measurable outcomes through therapy-focused programs. Its niche focus limits broader service scope.

4. CommonSpirit Health

A Catholic-affiliated system with 142 hospitals, CommonSpirit provides acute care, outpatient services, and telehealth across 21 states. It excels in community health programs and equitable access, serving underserved populations. Its integration of AI for diagnostics enhances efficiency, but merger-related challenges can affect consistency.

5. Ascension Health

Ascension operates 139 hospitals, focusing on primary care, oncology, and cardiology. With a mission-driven approach, it serves low-income communities through charity care programs. Its adoption of value-based care (VBC) models, projected to cover 90 million lives by 2027, improves outcomes but faces staffing shortages.

6. Kaiser Permanente

Kaiser Permanente is a leading integrated healthcare provider, combining insurance and care delivery for 12.5 million members. Its ACA marketplace plans are top-rated for affordability and quality, with low deductibles and strong preventive care. Operating in eight states, its HMO model ensures coordinated care but limits patient choice.

7. Aetna (CVS Health)

Aetna, under CVS Health, provides health insurance and healthcare services, covering 39 million lives. Its ACA plans offer competitive premiums and broad networks, with telehealth and pharmacy integration via CVS. Aetna’s focus on chronic disease management and AI-driven care navigation boosts outcomes, though rural access is limited.

8. Mayo Clinic

Mayo Clinic, based in Rochester, Minnesota, is renowned for specialized care in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. With 70,000 staff and three major campuses, it serves 1.3 million patients annually. Its research-driven approach and high patient satisfaction earn it top rankings, but costs and geographic reach are drawbacks.

9. Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland Clinic, with 23 hospitals, is a leader in cardiac care and medical innovation, serving patients across Ohio, Florida, and Nevada. Its adoption of cloud computing and AI for diagnostics enhances precision medicine. High costs and limited national presence restrict accessibility for some.

10. Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS)

BCBS, a federation of 34 independent companies, insures 115 million Americans, offering PPO, HMO, and EPO plans. Its ACA marketplace plans are widely available, with strong provider networks and wellness programs. BCBS’s focus on digital health tools and equitable access is notable, though premiums vary by state.

Choosing the Right Service

Selecting a healthcare service depends on location, medical needs, and budget. HCA and UHS offer broad hospital-based care, while Kaiser and Aetna excel in integrated insurance and delivery. Mayo and Cleveland Clinic are ideal for specialized treatments, and BCBS provides flexible insurance options. Compare costs (e.g., average ACA premium: $635/month), provider networks, and patient reviews on platforms like Healthgrades or U.S. News. With 26 million uninsured Americans and rising costs, prioritize services with telehealth, preventive care, and VBC to maximize value.

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