Peru’s 16th-Century Giants: Myths Meet Reality

| Mysterious
October 16, 2024

There is a special area on our planet where there are especially many stories and legends about people of great stature. Moreover, these stories are not thousands of years old, but only a few hundred.

The chronicles of the giants in ancient Peru: Myths from the 16th century come to life

Stories about the giants of ancient Peru have been known since the 16th century, when the first Spanish conquistadors arrived in this region.

One of the earliest reports of Peruvian giants is the story of the conquistador Pedro Cieza de León, described in the folio Comentarios reales de los incas, Volume 1, written by the Peruvian man of letters Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Cieza de León apparently did not see the giants with his own eyes, but he spoke with those who did see them.

The chronicles of the giants in ancient Peru: Myths from the 16th century come to life

In his report, he described how once upon a time, people of great stature sailed on their large rafts from the reeds to the shore where the village of the local natives was located. The village was located on the Santa Elena Peninsula, which is now the territory of Ecuador.

The giants disembarked from the rafts on the peninsula and set up camp near the conquistadors. Apparently, they decided to settle here for a long time, because they immediately began to dig deep wells to extract water from them.

“Normal men reached their knees…”

The story continues:

The chronicles of the giants in ancient Peru: Myths from the 16th century come to life

“Some of them were so tall that a normal-sized man would barely reach their knees. Their limbs were proportionate to their bodies, but their huge heads with shoulder-length hair were monstrous. Their eyes were huge as saucers and their faces were beardless.

Some of them were dressed in animal skins, but some were in their natural state (without clothing). Not a single woman was to be seen among them. When they set up camp, they began to dig deep wells to obtain water. They dug them in stony ground and then built strong stone wells. The water in them was excellent, it was always fresh and tasted good.”

Review: Top 10 Healthcare Services in the USA

The U.S. healthcare industry is a complex ecosystem of providers, insurers, and technology-driven services, delivering critical care to millions. In 2025, the sector is shaped by rising costs (projected at $4.9 trillion in 2023), technological innovation, and a focus on patient-centric care. Below is a detailed review of the top 10 healthcare services in the USA, based on market presence, patient outcomes, and industry impact.

1. HCA Healthcare

HCA Healthcare, based in Nashville, Tennessee, is the largest health system, operating 220 hospitals and over 40,000 staffed beds across 20 states. Known for comprehensive services, including emergency care, surgery, and specialty treatments, it generates significant net patient revenue. Its scale and advanced technology adoption ensure high-quality care, though accessibility varies by region.

2. Universal Health Services (UHS)

UHS manages 183 hospitals across 40 states, with over 21,000 beds, focusing on acute care and behavioral health. Its facilities in Texas, Florida, and California provide diverse services, from trauma care to psychiatric treatment. UHS’s emphasis on mental health integration aligns with 2025 trends, though high costs can be a barrier.

3. Encompass Health Corporation

With 164 hospitals, Encompass is the largest operator of rehabilitation hospitals, offering specialized post-acute care for stroke, brain injury, and spinal cord injury patients. Based in Birmingham, Alabama, it operates in 37 states, delivering measurable outcomes through therapy-focused programs. Its niche focus limits broader service scope.

4. CommonSpirit Health

A Catholic-affiliated system with 142 hospitals, CommonSpirit provides acute care, outpatient services, and telehealth across 21 states. It excels in community health programs and equitable access, serving underserved populations. Its integration of AI for diagnostics enhances efficiency, but merger-related challenges can affect consistency.

5. Ascension Health

Ascension operates 139 hospitals, focusing on primary care, oncology, and cardiology. With a mission-driven approach, it serves low-income communities through charity care programs. Its adoption of value-based care (VBC) models, projected to cover 90 million lives by 2027, improves outcomes but faces staffing shortages.

6. Kaiser Permanente

Kaiser Permanente is a leading integrated healthcare provider, combining insurance and care delivery for 12.5 million members. Its ACA marketplace plans are top-rated for affordability and quality, with low deductibles and strong preventive care. Operating in eight states, its HMO model ensures coordinated care but limits patient choice.

7. Aetna (CVS Health)

Aetna, under CVS Health, provides health insurance and healthcare services, covering 39 million lives. Its ACA plans offer competitive premiums and broad networks, with telehealth and pharmacy integration via CVS. Aetna’s focus on chronic disease management and AI-driven care navigation boosts outcomes, though rural access is limited.

8. Mayo Clinic

Mayo Clinic, based in Rochester, Minnesota, is renowned for specialized care in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. With 70,000 staff and three major campuses, it serves 1.3 million patients annually. Its research-driven approach and high patient satisfaction earn it top rankings, but costs and geographic reach are drawbacks.

9. Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland Clinic, with 23 hospitals, is a leader in cardiac care and medical innovation, serving patients across Ohio, Florida, and Nevada. Its adoption of cloud computing and AI for diagnostics enhances precision medicine. High costs and limited national presence restrict accessibility for some.

10. Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS)

BCBS, a federation of 34 independent companies, insures 115 million Americans, offering PPO, HMO, and EPO plans. Its ACA marketplace plans are widely available, with strong provider networks and wellness programs. BCBS’s focus on digital health tools and equitable access is notable, though premiums vary by state.

Choosing the Right Service

Selecting a healthcare service depends on location, medical needs, and budget. HCA and UHS offer broad hospital-based care, while Kaiser and Aetna excel in integrated insurance and delivery. Mayo and Cleveland Clinic are ideal for specialized treatments, and BCBS provides flexible insurance options. Compare costs (e.g., average ACA premium: $635/month), provider networks, and patient reviews on platforms like Healthgrades or U.S. News. With 26 million uninsured Americans and rising costs, prioritize services with telehealth, preventive care, and VBC to maximize value.

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